Resilient retention method

ABSTRACT

A fluid fitting coupling system which retains two assemblies axially through the use of a flange and lip arrangement and simultaneously retains those assemblies rotationally through either a radial detent or a snap spring are shown in variations. The designs are especially configured for molding so that each might utilize the material properties available and yet be economically manufactured. Further, user features including both visual and potentially audible indications of full assembly are incorporated into the designs and automatically achieved. Shut-off valve designs are shown which are automatically delayed in opening until some axial retention occurs to minimize any blow-off or other undesirable operational events. Swivel features may be incorporated when the application requires.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates generally to fluid fittings. Specifically,it involves the field of molded coupling systems for quickly connectingand disconnecting fittings which handle fluids. The invention presents anumber of compact designs which not only are economical to manufacture,but they also have a number of functional advantages. While especiallyadapted to accommodate the requirements of injection molded manufacture,the designs are suited to other types of manufacture as well.

[0002] The fluid fitting area is one which has existed for years. Asmore economic products have been sought the desire to adapt designs forinjection molding has increased. In the majority of instances thisadaptation has occurred by merely molding existing designs. In onlylimited instances have those designing products sought to createcompletely new designs which are especially adapted to a moldingenvironment, that is, where a cavity shape is imparted to some type ofmaterial. One of the fields within this general area which has beenparticularly challenging to adapt for economical manufacture is that offluid fitting quick disconnects. Often due to this field's sometimesunusual material requirements, it has been perceived as requiring ahybrid approach. Through this approach, while some components have beenmolded, others have been machined or the like. Thus, rather than beingoptimized for economical manufacture such as is available in theinjection molding environment, designers often have accepted limitationsin either operation or manufacture.

[0003] Naturally, the problems designers have faced are greatly variedbased in part upon the application involved. In some applications, thephysical size of the quick disconnect designs have been a challenge. Inother applications, reliability and the actual operation of coupling thetwo assemblies together has been the challenge. Other problems haveranged from challenges in achieving adequate locking of the coupling toprowlers in creating shut-off valve subassemblies. Irrespective of thespecific operational problems deemed paramount, it has been almostuniversally true that existing designs have not been able to bemanufactured as economically as desired. In spite of a demand for highreliability and ease of use, consumers have been reluctant toincorporate components which cost many times the amount of a typicalfitting. The present invention presents quick disconnect designsintended to satisfy most if not all these desires. Importantly, it doesso through a design which was uniquely developed to utilize thestrengths and minimize the weaknesses involved in a molding environment.Perhaps most importantly from a commercial perspective, the design isone which can be manufactured at fractions of the cost of many existingdesigns.

[0004] As is often true for fluid fittings in general, many aspects ofthe invention utilize elements which have long been available. In spiteof this fact, and in spite of the fact that those skilled in the art ofmolded fluid fitting couplings had long desired such a design, theinvention applies these elements in a fashion which achieves long feltneeds very economically. Perhaps to some degree this may be due to thefact that prior to the teachings of this invention those skilled in thisfield may have been directed away from the utilization of a purelymolded quick disconnect design. Instead, it appears that those involvedin this field have tended to believe that it was necessary to pursuehybrid designs to achieve the desired results. The present inventionshows that such assumptions were, in fact, not true. To some extent theembodiments disclosed might even be viewed as presenting unexpectedresults in that they show that a completely molded design can achievemost (if not all) of the previously existing design requirements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention provides a quick disconnect fluid fittingcoupling system which can not only be completely molded but which alsocan consist of as little as two parts. In one embodiment, the designinvolves male and female assemblies which are held axially by a flangeand which lock in place through a radially resilient detent at theflange's outer abutment. Another embodiment includes a molded annularspring which locks the two assemblies together. A number of otherfeatures such as swivels and shut-off valves are also disclosed. All ofthese may be utilized independently or in conjunction with each other toachieve a very universal system.

[0006] As mentioned, it is an object of the invention to achieve apractical design which properly balances the size, expense, andmanufacturing needs of users desiring a fluid fitting coupling system.In keeping with this object, one of the goals is to provide a completelymoldable design which not only is economical to assemble, but which isalso easy to operate. It is also a goal to provide a sufficiently strongdesign without compromise due to molding. Further, a goal is to allowfor a completely nonmetallic coupling system which can be used in thoseapplications having such demands.

[0007] Yet another object of the invention is to allow for a systemwhich satisfies operational needs. Thus goals include providing a systemwhich is virtually foolproof in achieving a locked, coupled state, andwhich is very difficult for operators to misuse. These goals areachieved, in part, by providing for visual and possibly auditoryindications of locking. They are also achieved by providing designswhich can be configured for use in any direction and for use with aminimum of different directional operations when appropriate.

[0008] Another broad object of the invention is to present a system withmany design variations available to system designers. In meeting thedesigner's needs, it is a goal to provide a system of parts and featureswhich can be configured as appropriate to the specific application. Forsystems requiring a shut-off valve arrangement, the invention has as agoal, satisfying operator and safety needs by automatically achievingcoupling retention prior to any opening of the shut-off valves withinthe assemblies.

[0009] Naturally, further objects of the invention are disclosedthroughout other areas of the specification and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010]FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment.

[0011]FIG. 2 is an end view of the female part shown in FIG. 1.

[0012]FIG. 3 is a side view of the female assembly shown in FIGS. 1 and2.

[0013]FIG. 4 is a side cross sectional view of an assembled coupling asshown in FIG. 1.

[0014]FIG. 5 is an end cross sectional view of the assembled couplingsas shown in FIG. 4.

[0015]FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a spring-lockedembodiment.

[0016]FIG. 7 is an end cross sectional view of the assembled couplingsas shown in FIG. 6.

[0017]FIG. 8 is a side view of a male part of another spring-lockedembodiment.

[0018]FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the string member design shown inFIG. 8.

[0019]FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment with aswiveling male part.

[0020]FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of another swivelingdesign.

[0021]FIG. 12 is an explode perspective view of an embodiment with dualshut-off valves.

[0022]FIG. 13 is a front view of a shut-off valve member.

[0023]FIG. 14 is a side view of the shut-off valve member shown in FIG.13.

[0024]FIG. 15 is a side view of a shut-off valve spring member.

[0025]FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the radially helical surface asmight be used in a shut-off valve.

[0026]FIG. 17 is an end view of a single shut-off valve embodiment.

[0027]FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view of the dual shut-off valvedesign shown in FIG. 13 prior to locking the coupling together.

[0028]FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of the dual shut-off valvedesign shown in FIG. 13 after locking the coupling together.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0029] As can be seen from the drawings, the basic concepts of thepresent invention may be embodied in a number of different ways. FIG. 1shows a basic coupling system according to the invention. In standardfashion, the system involves a first fluid fitting assembly (1) which iscapable of being mated with and coupled to a second fluid fittingassembly (2).

[0030] As those involved in creating such coupling systems are wellaware, it is generally desirable to have the maximum outer diameter ofthe system as small as possible while having the largest possiblemaximum inner diameter for the fluid to pass through. This is achievedto a significant degree in the design shown in FIG. 1. As shown, thefirst fluid fitting assembly (1) includes a first fluid fitting body (3)which is positioned about a central axis (4) within a first fluidpassageway (5). In order to provide coupling, the first fluid fittingassembly (1) is responsive to a first axial retainer (6). As with almostall fluid fittings, first fluid fitting assembly (1) includes a fittingsection (15) which may be a threaded portion as shown or some other typeof fitting arrangement. The fitting section may be greatly varied,ranging from barb sections to luer arrangements and the like. Throughsuch designs, the fitting coupling system is designed to be able toaccommodate fluids, that is gasses or liquids which pass through thefluid passageways.

[0031] As is easily appreciated, in order to create a coupling, thesecond fluid fitting assembly (2) has a second fluid fitting body (7)within which there is a second fluid passageway (8). Importantly, thesecond fluid fitting body (7) is responsive to a second axial retainer(9) which is capable of engaging the first axial retainer (6). Onceengaged, both the second fluid fitting assembly (2) and the first axialretainer (6) are then responsive to the second axial retainer (9). Asmay be understood from the arrangements shown, the term “responsive”encompasses a broad variety of interactions. In keeping with its broadmeaning, the term includes a mere result orientation. It encompasses allsituations where merely since one element is present, another elementdirectly or indirectly is affected somehow. Naturally, it also includesnarrower interpretations such as purely physical arrangements. Examplesof these would include the two elements being attached to each other,the two elements touching, or even them being unitary sections of anintegral component.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 1, both the first and second axial retainersinvolve a coordinated lip and flange design. For the first fluid fittingassembly (1) this is shown in FIG. 3 where it can be seen that the firstfluid fitting body (3) has a lip support (10) to which is attached atleast one retaining lip (12). As is discussed later with respect torotationally retaining the coupled system, it should be understood thatthe lip support (10) has a lip support inner surface (11). Further, asshown it can be seen that the retaining lip (12) extends radially inwardtoward the central axis (4) from the lip support (10). As oneenhancement, the first fluid fitting body (1) has structure in betweenthe two lip supports (10). Unlike other designs by having thisstructure, the strength is enhanced and the entire area is surroundedand protected.

[0033] To mate with the first fluid fitting assembly (1), the secondfluid fitting assembly (2) includes at least one flange (14) which isattached to a flange support (13) and which is capable of engaging theretaining lip (12). There may, of course, be two diametrically opposedflanges as shown. As those skilled in this field understand, with thebalanced arrangement of two flanges as shown, the pressure capability isenhanced. Naturally, other balancing designs are possible; all that isnecessary is that the flanges be equally spaced around the central axis(4). These types of designs not only afford better strength againstfailure, they also afford better sealing as there is less chance of aradial displacement of the seal. As those using an unbalancedarrangement have apparently not realized, through balancing the design,leakage is less likely. As shown, it also can be seen that the flanges(14) can extend radially outward beyond the flange supports (13) and canbe axially fixed with respect to the second fluid fitting body (7).Further, the entire part may be designed for uniform molding thicknessby including the relief areas shown.

[0034] To operate and couple this fluid fitting coupling system, it isonly necessary to insert the first and second fluid fitting assemblies(1 and 2) This insertion may cause the coupling seal (18) to seal oneassembly to the other. Next, the assemblies are axially engaged byrotating one (or a portion of one) with respect to the other (or aportion of the other) so that the flanges (14) slide under the retaininglips (12). This can be understood easier with reference to FIG. 2 whereit can be understood that flanges (14) would initially fit within theflange recesses (32). Then, through at least some rotation of onefitting body with respect to the other fitting body, the flanges (14)would be rotated under the retaining lips (12) so that the first andsecond fluid assemblies (1 and 2) would be axially retained with respectto each other.

[0035] As can be understood from FIG. 4, when assembled the couplingseal (18) is established between the first and second fluid fittingassemblies (1 and 2). This coupling seal (18) may be simply an O-ringplaced on second fluid fitting assembly (2). Additionally, it should beunderstood that a variety of other types of coupling seals are possibleincluding, but not limited to, integral molded seals and the like.Further, coupling seal (18) may be entirely omitted. (It is expected,however, that in almost all fluid fitting applications it would bedesirable to include some type of coupling seal (18) even if such weremerely a close fit between the two assemblies. As may be appreciated,from FIG. 4, it can be seen that the type of coupling seal (18) shown issubjected only to one level of compression force during the assemblyprocess. Unlike some other designs, the coupling seal (18) is neverover-compressed and then relaxed when achieving the locking of thedisconnect system.

[0036] In addition, it is possible to have the system incorporate sometype of stops (20) which may limit the amount of rotation at a desiredpoint. Naturally, such stops should be coordinated between the first andsecond assembly parts. There may be a great variety of different designsincluding tabs, recesses and even nonsymmetrical designs to achieve thedesired end. A tab/recess arrangement is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Forbetter strength, these are designed to have a more nearly radial matingoccur at the point were it is desired to stop rotation. As is discussedlater, a nonsymmetrical design is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Regardless ofthe design chosen, the stops may serve to limit rotation to the degreedesired. Naturally, the stops may be entirely omitted This may bedesirable in instances where constant rotation (to engage and disengage)is desired.

[0037] Whether stops (20) are included or not, it can be important toinclude some type of rotational retainer. The rotational retainer wouldrotationally lock the first fluid fitting body (3) with respect to thesecond fluid fitting body (7) after they are fully engaged. It wouldlimit the ability of the two fitting bodies to rotate with respect toeach other. As perhaps best illustrated in FIG. 5, it can be understoodthat in the design shown, the rotational retainer may be achieved byproperly designing the shape of the inner surface (11) of the lipsupport (10) and the outer surface (28) of the flange (14). As shown inFIG. 5, it may be understood that both the inner surface (11) of the lipsupport (10) and the outer surface (28) of the flange (14) may haveplanar portions which are designed to abut when the system is fullyassembled. Regardless of the shape chosen, by purposefully avoiding aperfectly circular surface, the actual rotation of the two bodies withrespect to each other can cause the surfaces to radially compress andthen to relax as they lock in place. Further, since it is possible thatthe coupling system may be engaged for long periods of time, it may bedesirable to have little or no axial compression when the parts arefully engaged. Thus, the radial resilience may not tend to decay withtime in most applications.

[0038] As mentioned, the existence of compression creates the rotationallocking. Since the compression would not be reduced until after thedesigns were fully assembled with respect to each other, it would serveas one indication of full assembly. No radial compression could occur(or be felt) unless the two assemblies were properly inserted. As shown,it should be understood that the radial compression would thus limit therotation and would occur at the abutment (27) between the first andsecond fluid fitting assembly bodies (3 and 7).

[0039] Unlike other designs it can be understood that by using a radialresiliency to lock rotation, axial tension or forces play no part andare not necessary in order to accomplish retaining the two bodiesrotationally. This enhances the coupling seal (18) by not requiring itto be overcompressed as mentioned later. Further, by using the abutmentbetween the two pieces to achieve the lock, the design is somewhatfoolproof in that no locking can be felt or achieved until the parts arecorrectly engaged. For reliability, simplicity of design, andmanufacturing reasons, it is possible to use a design as shown where theabutment between the two pieces is not a separate flexing lockingmember. In keeping with the goal of providing easily variedconfigurations, this makes the system more universal. Such a design isalso particularly well suited to a molded system because the materialsused in molding can be somewhat resilient—and indeed may even be chosenfor this characteristic. By having resilient material, the radialcompression can form a radially resilient rotational lock at theabutment (27). Thus, the abutment (27) itself may create the radiallyresilient rotational lock.

[0040] As mentioned earlier, it is possible to have many differentdesigns form the radially resilient rotational lock. By using planarsurfaces, a relatively simple and moldable design is achieved. As can beseen, the planar portions are parallel to the central axis (4) andperpendicular from a line from the planar portion to the central axis.Other designs are possible ranging from separate elements to flexiblearms to tab/recess arrangements. All that may be necessary is that thesurfaces be noncircular and corresponding, that is, they coordinate witheach other to achieve the desired effect. For the design shown it isalso possible to have the abutment between the inner surface of theretaining lip (12) and the outer surface of the flange support (13) beappropriately shaped. While this is an equivalent design, it may not,however, be as optimum as the design shown since such an abutment wouldbe closer to the central axis (4) and would thus present a lesser momentarm to restrain rotation.

[0041] Another feature of this design is the desirability of a systemwhich externally can inform the operator when the assembly operation iscomplete. This is achieved through the shaping of the external nutdesign shown in FIG. 1. This nut design is shaped asymmetrically for anumber of reasons. First, when the asymmetric surfaces on the first andsecond assemblies are aligned, it can be seen that the designs areproperly rotated. As shown in the cross sections in FIGS. 2 and 5, thenut on each assembly body may include a corresponding first and secondpair of flat side sections (21) and (24). Especially for a two flangesdesign as shown, each of these pairs of flat side sections may beconfigured so that they diametrically oppose each other on each of theirrespective fluid fitting bodies. Further, they may be parallel to thecentral axis and, as with the abutment shown in FIG. 5, perpendicular toa line extending from the flat side sections through the central axis.When the flat side sections are aligned, the parts are correctlyassembled.

[0042] Second, the asymmetric design of the external nuts serves to addstrength. As shown in FIG. 5, when the flat side sections are configuredto be orthogonal to the planar sections forming the abutment (27), thethinner walls existing will not be in the area of maximum stress. Thisis because in between each of the first and second pairs of flat sidesections (21) and (24), may be corresponding pairs of toothed facesegments (23). As shown, these are diametrically opposed adjacent to theflat side sections. In order to include as much material as possible atthe most highly stressed area, namely, in the vicinity of the lipsupport (10), it may be desirable to provide five teeth (26) on each ofthe tooth faced segments and to radially align them with the innersurface (11) of the lip support (10). Perhaps surprisingly, this can addabout 60% to the pressure strength of the coupling. When the designs areunder pressure, since retaining lip (12) acts to axially retain flange(14), the forces will be spread over a larger area.

[0043] As yet another benefit, when each of the fluid fitting assemblieshave these nut designs, they may be assembled with either an open-endwrench or a box wrench. Thus a box wrench (12 point) is accommodated byhaving five teeth in between each planar surface. Other designs are alsopossible, including, but not limited to two and three point designswhich would still fit a box wrench and the like. The enhanced grippingof such a design can be extremely important for a molded componentbecause not only is the material likely a plastic, but it also may havebeen specifically chosen to be flexible to accommodate the radialresiliency desired for the rotational lock discussed earlier. This nutdesign might even be considered an independent invention as it may haveapplication not only in other fields in the fluid fitting area, but alsoin other general areas such as the fastening area.

[0044] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, in order to facilitate molding at thelocation of the planar section on the inner surface (11) of the lipsupport (10), the design shown includes access entries (30) beneath theretaining lip (12) and adjacent the inner surface (11). Access entries(30) may serve to allow the mold to include inserts through the accessentry (30) to form the undercut necessary to create the lip (12). Forfurther efficiency, the inner surface (11) of the lip support (10) canbe planar throughout its entire length so that these inserts can beeasily pulled out with only one motion. Thus the piece can be made withless complicated molds. Naturally, the access entries (30) are notmandatory as other molding arrangements are possible.

[0045] Another unique embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 6. Asmentioned a host of different ways to lock the coupling against rotationare possible. This embodiment involves the use of a spring member (31)which has an integral rotational lock. Rather than being radiallyresilient, this rotational lock is essentially tabs (33) on the springmember (31) which are designed to fit within the flange recesses (32).Once the tabs (33) are positioned within the flange recesses (32), theflanges (14) will be prohibited from rotating. Thus the coupling will belocked together. Unrelated to this locking, it should be noted from FIG.6, that the first fluid fitting assembly (1) can be molded without theinclusion of any access entries.

[0046]FIG. 6 also shows that the spring number (31) can be rotationallyrestrained when assembled onto the second fluid fitting assembly (2). Inthe design shown this is accomplished in one way by a pair ofdiametrically opposed chord supports (39). The chord supports (39) bothsupport the tabs (33) and extend internally so as to fit withincorresponding chord recesses (34) on the second fluid fitting assembly(2). Through this arrangement, it can be understood that spring member(31) will not be permitted to rotate with respect to second fluidfitting body (7). Thus, when tabs (33) are inserted within the flangerecesses (32), the entire coupling will be held together. Naturally, itshould be understood that a host of different designs are possible inorder to limit rotation. Each should be considered an equivalent as thebroad conceptual goal is all that needs to be met. Through the design ofthe chord support (39) it also is impossible to assemble the springmember (31) backwards. It should also be understood that through properdesign it is also possible to provide rotational locking without havingthe spring member (31) looked to the second fluid fitting assembly (2).One possibility would be to lengthen the tabs (33) so that they couldextend beyond the lip and thus engage the flanges (14). This mightrequire more spring travel.

[0047] The operation of the design shown in FIG. 6 is fairly simple.First, the first and second fluid fitting assemblies were axiallyaligned and inserted so that flanges (14) sit within the correspondingportions of the first fluid fitting assembly (1). This axial insertioncompresses the spring member (31). By rotating one fluid fittingassembly with respect to the other, the flanges (14) are axiallyretained when they slide underneath the retaining lips (12) as discussedearlier. When the flanges are fully rotated, tabs (33) will align withthe flange recesses (32) and the decompressing of the spring member (31)will cause the tabs (33) to snap into the flange recesses (32). Thiswill effectively lock the device together.

[0048] As an enhancement to the durability of this design, it may alsobe desirable that when tabs (33) snap into a recess such as the flangerecesses (32), the spring member (31) is no longer compressed. Since thecompression of the spring member serves no purpose other than merelyholding the tabs (33) in place, the lack of compression will notadversely affect its rotational locking function. Thus, by completelyrelaxing spring member (31), it will not be subjected to continuouscompression and thus will not tend to lose its full amount of originalresiliency. To disassemble the coupling, the spring member (31) needonly be compressed by gripping the outer end portion surface (38), andsliding it axially so as to compress the spring segment (37) and thusremove tabs (33) from flange recesses (32). To facilitate this gripping,the outer end portion surface (38) may be textured. Then the twoassemblies may be rotated and axially separated.

[0049] The design shown on FIG. 6 also includes a number ofenhancements. First, spring member (31) is cylindrical so that itsurrounds a portion of the second fluid fitting assembly (2). This isstronger, minimizes the exposure to wear, and also serves to protect thefitting assembly. The integral rotational lock is shown as positioned onan annular end portion (35) of the spring member (31). By placing tabs(33) on the annular end portion (35) so that they project off of theannular end portion but do not fully extend to the outer edge of theannular edge portion, tabs (33) are likewise protected by the outer endportion (38) of the spring member (31). This also allows the sections inbetween the retaining lips to be included as mentioned earlier.

[0050] At the other end of the spring member (31) is a cylindricalspring segment (37). This segment is designed in a manner so as to beeasily molded. In keeping with the goal of providing an easily andinexpensively manufactured item, it can be seen that the individualspring members (31) may be a single molded unitary design. This affordsthe economic advantages mentioned earlier while simultaneously achievinga rotational lock which is disposed between the first and second fluidfitting assemblies (1 and 2).

[0051] An alternative design for a unitary spring member is show inFIGS. 8 and 9. In this unitary molded design, it can be seen that oneend portion may include a catch (40) which may serve to interact withother portions of second fluid fitting assembly body (7) to hold thespring member (31) onto the second fluid fitting assembly body (7).Again, this design may be easily molded by making the catch (40) aflexible portion which would snap over some annular ring or the like onan inner portion of the second fluid fitting assembly (2). By placingthe catch (40) on the end of the spring member (31) which is away fromthe spring, the design may achieve a goal of limiting the extensibilityof the spring so as to prevent over-extension.

[0052] To illustrate another alternative, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6is shown including a different flange design. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7,this flange design is noncircular, not for rotational locking, but inorder to stop rotation at the desired point as mentioned earlier. Sincethe spring member (31) will serve to achieve the rotational lockingfunction, rotational locking through the action of the abutment betweenflange (14) and the first fluid fitting assembly (1) is unnecessary.Rather, the asymmetry of the flanges (14) shown serves to stop rotationat the proper spot. FIG. 7 shows a cross section view of such flanges asthey might be positioned when fully assembled. As can be appreciated,the shape of the flange prevents further rotation in the directionshown. Naturally, such a design might be incorporated in otherembodiments and might even be incorporated in the embodiment includingthe resilient radial detent mentioned earlier.

[0053] As yet another enhancement to the coupling system described, allof the designs mentioned may include a swivel feature. As shown in FIG.10, this can be accomplished through the use of a stem (41) which isdesigned to be rotatably positioned within a central cavity of one ofthe fluid fitting assembly bodies such as an assembly body externallysimilar to second fluid fitting assembly body (7). By establishing thestem (41) so as to rotate freely within the second fluid fittingassembly body (7), any hose or other fluid handling system may beallowed to rotate and not kink or otherwise negatively impact the sealsmaintained. This may be very important for a design such as that shownin FIG. 1 where rotation could unlock the coupling.

[0054] Importantly, the slam (41) must be axially retained with respectto the second fluid fitting assembly body (7). This can be accomplishedthrough flexible projections (46) which would serve to snap over thestem (41) and retain it axially within the body. When fitting the stem(41) within the central cavity (42) of the second fluid fitting assemblybody (7), it will be appreciated that it may be important to create aseal between the stem (41) and the fluid fitting assembly. This may beaccomplished by a stem O-ring (43) which would be free to rotate andslide within the assembly while maintaining its seal.

[0055] As shown, stem (41) may be molded in a fashion which includesmolding recesses to allow even thickness or mold gate vestage as thoseskilled in the molding field would well appreciate. Similarly, stem (41)may include a fitting end (45) integral to it to allow connection tofluid sources, or otherwise. Naturally, the swiveling component may bedesigned into either the male or female assembly.

[0056] The use of internal flexible projections (46) is but onetechnique for retaining stem (41) within its corresponding fluid fittingassembly body. A host of other designs are also possible as thoseskilled in the art would readily understand. As shown in FIG. 11, one ofthe many other alternatives available would be the inclusion of anassembled body around stem (41). This assembled body might be made oftwo semicircular body halves (49) which would be assembled around thestem (41). In the design shown, the body halves (49) may include sometype of a retainer element (52) to hold them together. They may alsoinclude guiding pins (50) and corresponding holes. The retainer elements(52) shown would hold the body halves (49) together through their barbdesign. As shown, the retainer elements (52) might be positioned on anend opposite the inserted end which has on it flanges (14) so that whenthe coupling was fully assembled, flanges (14) would be held together bythe female portion and thus reduce the amount of stress which theretainer elements (52) would need to support (if any). Further, ondesigns which utilize the unique nut shape mentioned earlier, it may bepossible and desirable to position the end of the retainer elements (52)at the bottom (48) of a tooth (26). In this fashion, it is less likelythat such elements (52) would be exposed or subjected to forces whichmight cause it to disengage.

[0057] As mentioned earlier, it is often desirable for coupling systemsto include shut-off valves so that they automatically seal whendisengaged. In such systems, the valve is normally closed and is heldopen only by some force other than the fluid pressure. Some of thepossible shut-off valve designs are shown in the figures. Referring toFIGS. 12 through 19, it can be seen how a double shut-off valve design,that is, one in which each fitting assembly has its own shut-off valvemay be achieved. As shown, both the first and second fluid fittingassemblies (1 and 2) include an axially moveable valve (55). Thisaxially moveable valve (55) is responsive to rotation through an annularangled surface (59) which is angled with respect to a planeperpendicular to the central axis. When such a valve is designed to beresponsive to rotation, it is likely important to include a rotationalguide (56) which rotationally restrains the axially moveable valve (55)so that the rotation is forced to cause axial movement and thus to openthe valve. A valuable feature of the design shown is the fact that thesystem shown may be designed so that before any opening of eitheraxially moveable valve (55) occurs, the first and second fluid fittingassembly may be axially retained with respect to each other. This can beaccomplished by allowing the initial portion of rotation to cause theflanges (14) to become slightly positioned underneath lip (12) prior toany engagement of the axially moveable valves (55).

[0058] To assemble this design the initial insertion causes the couplingseal (18) to be established between the first and second fluid fittingassemblies. After this has been accomplished the axially moveable valves(55) can open with no fluid flow outside of the coupling assembly. Oncethe flanges (14) are positioned under the lips (12) the assemblies areat least temporarily axially restrained. As further rotation continues,this rotation will now cause the shut-off valves to begin to open whilesimultaneously causing the flanges (14) to further be positionedunderneath the lips (12). In this fashion, the present design avoids anyrisk of blow-off and thus the pressure of the fluid will be less likelyto cause premature separation of the two fluid fitting assemblies beforethey have been fully engaged. This is naturally true regardless ofwhether there is one or two shut-off valves. When there are two shut-offvalves, however, the lower pressure of the exit side will likely causeit to open first. Thus, when the pressure side begins to open an exit isalready established thus even further lowering the resistance and riskof blow-off. This also has the benefit of allowing greater axialretention to occur when the higher pressure is released.

[0059] As may be appreciated, the shut-off valves may operate insomewhat traditional fashion with respect to their sealing. This mightbe accomplished through the use of shut-off valve seals (51) which areresponsive to an axially moveable valve support (54) to which isattached the annular angled surface (59). By also including a valvespring member (57), the axially moveable valve (55) will be yieldablyurged into the closed position. In a potential departure from one of thegoals of the invention, it might be understood that valve spring member(57) while capable of being molded, might be selected to be a metallicspring. This for the simple reason that since the majority of the usewould have the shut-off valve be open, a plastic spring may loose itsresiliency whereas a metal spring might retain it. Naturally, as bettermaterials are discovered or tested, this might prove to be unnecessaryand an entirely molded design might be as reliable.

[0060] The integral spring design shown also can minimize assembly andmanufacture requirements. Such a spring simply need be inserted over thevalve support (54) and then the shut-off valve seal (51) can be insertedto hold it in place. Importantly, once the valve spring member (57)urges the shut-off valve seal (51) to a closed position, a fluidpassageway seal would be created so that no fluid could flow. Further,the pressure of the fluid would serve to enhance the seal as would bereadily understood.

[0061] As mentioned earlier, single or double shut-off valve designs canbe accomplished. In a single shut-off valve design, it might beunderstood that a rotationally fixed slide (60) might be included. Thisis shown in FIG. 17. This rotationally fixed slide (60) would serve toengage the annular angled surface (59) on the only shut-off valve in thesystem and thus open it at the appropriate time. As those skilled in theart would readily appreciate, this rotationally fixed slide might have ahost of different designs from bars to tabs and other types of designs.It may be separate or integral to the other fitting assembly, as well.

[0062]FIG. 16 shows the nature of the annular angled surface (59) asoptimally designed for either a single or double shut-off valve system.As this figure shows, the annular angled surface may be a radiallyhelical surface so that throughout rotation maximum contact is achieved.This will minimize wear. The radially helical surface is angled withrespect to a plane perpendicular to the central axis to achieve theaxial movement desired. Naturally, other surface shapes are possible aswell. As also shown in each of the shut-off valve figures, the doubleshut-off valve design may include two pairs of surfaces. This mightallow rotation in either direction. Naturally, a single surface would beappropriate for designs with include the stops (20) mentioned earlier astwo-way rotation would not be possible in such designs.

[0063] Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19, it may be understood how yetanother feature of a double shut-off valve design might be accomplished.As mentioned earlier, the shut-off valves may not simultaneously open.In order to assure that they both do fully open, each shut-off valve mayinclude a corresponding valve stop (63). This valve stop may limit theaxial movement response of each shut-off valve so that when one is fullyopened, it is restrained, and thus the other must open to its fullamount. As shown, valve stop (63) can be achieved in conjunction withthe rotational guide (56) by merely ending the recess within whichsliding may occur. Naturally, other designs are possible as well, butimportantly, the use of a stop will force the other fluid fittingpassageway seal to open an equal amount. This stop could also be thecompression of the valve spring member (57) to its solid height.

[0064] In addition, in FIG. 18 it can be seen how the design canaccomplish the delay in opening the valve. As shown, the two annularangled surfaces (59) do not initially engage each other. Instead a gap(65) is formed. Only after some rotation of the two bodies—and thus someaxial retention—do the two surfaces engage each other causing axialmotion opening the two valves.

[0065] Also, as a comparison of FIGS. 18 and 19 would highlight and asmentioned earlier, it is possible to either include or not include theaccess entries. They are not shown on the first fluid fitting assembly(1) of FIG. 18, but are shown in its corresponsing part in FIG. 19 toillustrate this aspect. Nuts could also be included on such designs butare not shown on either of these two figures. In addition, through thedesigns shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 it can be understood how a shut-offvalve component can be an important part of the system presented. Asshown, either part can be designed to include retaining lips (12) onboth ends so that they may be used as a spliced insert to place ashut-off valve in the system.

[0066] The foregoing discussion and the claims which follow describe thepreferred embodiments of the present invention. Particularly withrespect to the claims, it should be understood that changes may be madewithout departing from their essence. In this regard it is intended thatsuch changes would still fall within the scope of the present invention.It is simply not practical to describe and claim all possible revisionsto present invention. To the extent such revisions utilize the essenceof any feature of the invention, each would naturally fall within thebreadth of protection encompassed by this patent. It is also true thatvarious permutations and combinations might be achieved. Again, each ofthese permutations and combinations should be encompassed by thispatent.

I claim:
 1. A fluid fitting coupling system which connects two fluidfitting assemblies comprising: a. a first fluid fitting assembly havinga first fluid fitting body, a central axis, and a first fluidpassageway; b. a first axial retainer to which said first fluid fittingassembly is responsive; c. a second fluid fitting assembly having asecond fluid fitting body, a central axis, and a second fluid passagewayand capable of engaging said first fluid fitting assembly; d. a secondaxial retainer to which both said first axial retainer and said secondfluid fitting assembly are responsive; e. a coupling seal establishedbetween said first and second fluid fitting assemblies; f. an abutmentbetween said first and second fluid fitting assembly bodies; and g. aradially resilient rotational lock formed at the abutment between saidfirst and second fluid fitting assembly bodies.
 2. A fluid fittingcoupling system as described in claim 1 wherein said first axialretainer comprises: a. a lip support having an axially fixed positionwith respect to said first fluid fitting body, said lip support having alip support inner surface; and b. at least one retaining lip attached tosaid lip support and which extends radially inward beyond said lipsupport; and wherein said second axial retainer comprises a. a flangesupport having an axially fixed position with respect to said secondfluid fitting body; b. at least one flange attached to said flangesupport, which extends radially outward beyond said flange support andwhich is capable of engaging said retaining lip.
 3. A fluid fittingcoupling system as described in claim 2 wherein said lip support andsaid flange abut when assembled and wherein said radially resilientrotational lock comprises the abutment between said lip support and saidflange.
 4. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 3wherein said flange has an outer surface and wherein said lip supportinner surface and the outer surface of said flange correspond and arenon-circular.
 5. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 4wherein said lip support inner surface has a planar portion which isparallel to said central axis and which is perpendicular to a lineextending from said planar portion to said central axis.
 6. A fluidfitting coupling system as described in claim 4 and further comprising astop to which said flange is responsive when said first and second fluidfitting assembly bodies are fully engaged.
 7. A fluid fitting couplingsystem as described in claim 2 or 5 and further comprising at least oneaccess entry which is beneath said retaining lip and adjacent said lipsupport inner surface.
 8. A fluid fitting assembly comprising: a. afluid fitting body, defining a fluid passageway, and having a centralaxis; b. a lip support having an axially fixed position with respect tosaid fluid fitting body and having a non-circular lip support innersurface; and c. at least one retaining lip attached to said lip supportand which extends radially inward beyond said lip support.
 9. A fluidfitting assembly as described in claim 8 wherein said lip support innersurface has a planar portion which is parallel to said central axis andwhich is perpendicular to a line extending from said planar portion tosaid central axis.
 10. A fluid fitting assembly as described in claim 8or 9 and further comprising at least one access entry which is beneathsaid retaining lip and adjacent to said lip support inner surface.
 11. Afluid fitting assembly comprising: a. a fluid fitting body defining afluid passageway and having a central axis; b. a lip support having anaxially fixed position with respect to said fluid fitting body andhaving a lip support inner surface; c. at least one retaining lipattached to said lip support and which extends radially inward beyondsaid lip support; and d. at least one access entry which is beneath saidretaining lip and adjacent to said lip support inner surface.
 12. Afluid fitting assembly comprising: a. a fluid fitting body, defining afluid passageway, and having a central axis; b. a flange support havingan axially fixed position with a respect to said fluid fitting body; c.at least one flange attached to said flange support, which extendsradially outward beyond said flange support, and having an outer surfacewhich is non-circular.
 13. A fluid fitting assembly as described inclaim 12 wherein the outer surface of said flange has a planar portionwhich is parallel to said central axis and which is perpendicular to aline extending from said planar portion to said central axis.
 14. Amethod of coupling fluid fitting assemblies together comprising thesteps of: a. axially engaging a first fluid fitting assembly having afirst fluid fitting body, a central axis, and a first fluid passagewayand a second fluid fitting assembly having a second fluid fitting body,a central axis, and a second fluid passageway; b. rotating said firstfluid fitting body with respect to said second fluid fitting body; c.axially retaining said first fluid fitting assembly with respect to saidsecond fluid fitting assembly; d. radially compressing said first fluidfitting body against said second fluid fitting body; and e. rotationallyretaining said first fluid fitting body with respect to said secondfluid fitting body.
 15. A method of coupling fluid fitting assembliestogether as described in claim 14 and further comprising the step ofrelaxing said radial compression after accomplishing said step ofrotationally retaining said first fluid fitting body with respect tosaid second fluid fitting body.
 16. A method of coupling fluid fittingassemblies together as described in claim 15 wherein said second fluidfitting body has a flange and wherein said step of radially compressingsaid first fluid fitting body against said second fluid fitting bodyoccurs at said flange.
 17. A method of coupling fluid fitting assembliestogether as described in claim 16 and further comprising the step oflimiting the rotation of said first fluid fitting body with respect tosaid second fluid fitting body after accomplishing said step of relaxingsaid radial compression.
 18. A fluid fitting coupling system whichconnects two fluid fitting assemblies comprising: a. a first fluidfitting assembly having a first fluid fitting body, a central axis, anda first fluid passageway; b. a first axial retainer to which said firstfluid fitting assembly is responsive; c. a first pair of flat sidesections on said first fluid fitting body which are diametricallyopposed and which are parallel to said central axis and perpendicular toa line extending from said first flat side section to said central axis;d. a first pair of diametrically opposed toothed face segments disposedon said first fluid fitting body adjacent to said first pair of flatside sections; e. a second fluid fitting assembly having a second fluidfitting body, a central axis, and a second fluid passageway and capableof engaging said first fluid fitting assembly; f. a second axialretainer to which both said first axial retainer and said second fluidfitting assembly are responsive; g. a second pair of flat side sectionson said second fluid fitting body which are diametrically opposed andwhich are and which are parallel to said central axis and perpendicularto a line extending from said second flat side section to said centralaxis; and h. a second pair of diametrically opposed toothed facesegments disposed on said second fluid fitting body adjacent to saidsecond pair of flat side sections.
 19. A fluid fitting coupling systemas described in claim 18 wherein said first axial retainer comprises: a.a lip support having an axially fixed position with respect to saidfirst fluid fitting body and having at least one lip support innersurface; and b. at least one retaining lip attached to said lip supporthaving a retaining lip inner surface extending radially inward beyondsaid lip support; and wherein at least one of said first toothed facesegments is radially aligned with said lip support inner surface.
 20. Afluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 18 or 19 whereinsaid first pair of toothed face segments and said second pair of toothedface segments each align when said first and second fluid fittingassemblies are fully coupled.
 21. A fluid fitting coupling system asdescribed in claim 20 wherein each of said first pair of toothed facesegments has five teeth.
 22. A fluid fitting coupling system asdescribed in claim 1 and further comprising: a. a first pair of flatside sections on said first fluid fitting body which are diametricallyopposed and which are parallel to said central axis and perpendicular toa line extending from said first flat side section to said central axis;b. a first pair of diametrically opposed toothed face segments disposedon said first fluid fitting body adjacent to said first pair of flatside sections; c. a second pair of flat side sections on said secondfluid fitting body which are diametrically opposed and which are andwhich are parallel to said central axis and perpendicular to a lineextending from said second flat side section to said central axis; andd. a second pair of diametrically opposed toothed face segments disposedon said second fluid fitting body adjacent to said second pair of flatside sections.
 23. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim22 wherein said first axial retainer comprises: a. a lip support havingan axially fixed position with respect to said first fitting sectionsaid lip support having a lip support inner surface; and b. at least oneretaining lip attached to said lip support and which extends radiallyinward beyond said lip support; and wherein at least one of said firsttoothed face segments is radially aligned with said lip support innersurface.
 24. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 23wherein said first pair of toothed face segments and said second pair oftoothed face segments each align when said first and second fluidfitting assemblies are fully coupled.
 25. A fluid fitting couplingsystem as described in claim 23 wherein each of said first pair oftoothed face segments has five teeth.
 26. A fluid fitting assemblycomprising: a. a fluid fitting body, defining a fluid passageway, andhaving a central axis; b. a lip support having an axially fixed positionwith respect to said fluid fitting body and having a lip support innersurface; c. at least one retaining lip attached to said lip support andwhich extends radially inward beyond said lip support; d. a pair of flatside sections on said fluid fitting body which are diametrically opposedand which are parallel to said central axis and perpendicular to a lineextending from said flat side sections to said central axis; and f. apair of diametrically opposed toothed face segments disposed on saidfluid fitting body adjacent to said pair of flat side sections.
 27. Afluid fitting assembly as described in claim 26 wherein at least one ofsaid first toothed face segments is radially aligned with said lipsupport inner surface.
 28. A fluid fitting assembly as described inclaim 27 wherein each of said pair of toothed face segments has fiveteeth.
 29. A fluid fitting assembly comprising: a. a fluid fitting body,defining a fluid passageway, and having a central axis; b. a flangesupport having an axially fixed position with respect to said fluidfitting body; c. at least one flange attached to said flange support,which extends radially outward beyond said flange support; d. a pair offlat side sections on said fluid fitting body which are diametricallyopposed and which are parallel to said central axis and perpendicular toa line extending from said flat side sections to said central axis; ande. a pair of diametrically opposed toothed face segments disposed onsaid fluid fitting body adjacent to said pair of flat side sections. 30.A fluid fitting assembly as described in claim 29 wherein at least oneof said toothed face segments is radially aligned with said flange. 31.A fluid fitting assembly as described in claim 30 wherein each of saidpair of toothed face segments has five teeth.
 32. A fluid fittingcoupling system which connects two fluid fitting assemblies comprising:a. a first fluid fitting assembly having a first fluid fitting body, acentral axis, and a first fluid passageway; b. a first axial retainer towhich said first fluid fitting assembly is responsive; c. a second fluidfitting assembly having a second fluid fitting body, a central axis, anda second fluid passageway and capable of engaging said first fluidfitting assembly; d. a second axial retainer to which both said firstaxial retainer and said second fluid fitting assembly are responsive; e.a coupling seal established between said first and second fluid fittingassemblies; f. a spring member to which at least one of said fluidfitting assemblies is responsive; and g. an integral rotational lockwhich is responsive to said spring member and to which said first andsecond fluid fitting assembly bodies are responsive.
 33. A fluid fittingcoupling system as described in claim 32 wherein said spring member iscylindrical and surrounds a portion of said second fluid fittingassembly.
 34. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 33wherein said rotational lock is disposed between said first and secondfluid fitting assemblies.
 35. A fluid fitting coupling system asdescribed in claim 34 wherein said spring member has an annular endportion and wherein said rotational look comprises a pair ofdiametrically opposed restraining tabs projecting off said annular endportion of said spring member.
 36. A fluid fitting coupling system asdescribed in claim 35 wherein said first axial retainer comprises: a. atleast one lip support having an axially fixed position with respect tosaid first fluid fitting body, said lip support having a lip supportinner surface; and b. a pair of diametrically opposed retaining lipsattached to said lip support, which extend radially inward beyond saidlip support, and which define a pair of flange recesses between eachother; and wherein said diametrically opposed restraining tabs on saidspring member fit within said flange recesses.
 37. A unitary fluidfitting coupling spring comprising: a. a cylindrical spring segment; b.an annular end portion attached to said spring segment and having anouter end portion surface; c. a pair of diametrically opposed chordsupports attached to said annular end portion and which define a pair ofdiametrically opposed flange recesses; d. a pair of diametricallyopposed restraining tabs which project off said annular end portion,which do not extend to said outer end portion surface, and which areadjacent to said pair of flange recesses.
 38. A unitary fluid fittingcoupling spring as described in claim 37 wherein said spring segment hasan inner surface and further comprising a catch disposed on said innersurface of said spring segment.
 39. A method of coupling fluid fittingassemblies together comprising the steps of: a. axially engaging a firstfluid fitting assembly having a first fluid fitting body, a centralaxis, and a first fluid passageway and a second fluid fitting assemblyhaving a second fluid fitting body, a central axis, and a second fluidpassageway; b. compressing a spring member disposed between said firstand second fluid fitting assemblies; c. rotating said first fluidfitting body with respect to said second fluid fitting body; d. axiallyretaining said first fluid fitting assembly with respect to said secondfluid fitting assembly; e. decompressing said spring member; and f.rotationally retaining said first fluid fitting body with respect tosaid second fluid fitting body through action of said spring member. 40.A method of coupling fluid fitting assemblies together as described inclaim 39 wherein said step of compressing said spring member comprisesthe step of axially compressing said spring member.
 41. A method ofcoupling fluid fitting assemblies together as described in claim 40 andfurther comprising the step of completely relaxing said spring member.42. A method of coupling fluid fitting assemblies together as describedin claim 40 wherein said step of axially engaging said first fluidfitting assembly and said second fluid fitting assembly comprises thestep of inserting a flange into a flange recess and wherein said step ofrotationally retaining said first fluid fitting body with respect tosaid second fluid fitting body comprises the step of inserting arestraining tab into said flange recess.
 43. A fluid fitting couplingsystem as described in claim 1 or 32 and further comprising at least onestem rotatably positioned within and axially retained with respect tothe body of at least one of said fluid fitting assemblies and withinwhich the fluid passageway for that particular fluid fitting assemblyexists.
 44. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 43wherein the fluid fitting body within which said stem is positioned hasa central cavity and wherein said fluid fitting body comprises aplurality of flexible projection s within said central cavity.
 45. Afluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 43 wherein the fluidfitting body within which said stem is positioned comprises: a. a pairof generally semi-circular body halves; b. at least one retainer elementpositioned to hold said body halves together when positioned around saidstem.
 46. A fluid fitting assembly as described in claim 8 and furthercomprising at least one stem rotatably positioned within and axiallyretained with respect to said fluid fitting body and within which saidfluid passageway exists.
 47. A fluid fitting coupling system asdescribed in claim 46 wherein said fluid fitting body within which saidstem is positioned has a central cavity and wherein said fluid fittingbody comprises a plurality of flexible projection s within said centralcavity.
 48. A fluid fitting assembly as described in claim 12 andfurther comprising at least one stem rotatably positioned within andaxially retained with respect to said fluid fitting body and withinwhich said fluid passageway exists.
 49. A fluid fitting coupling systemas described in claim 48 wherein said fluid fitting body within whichsaid stem is positioned has a central cavity and wherein said fluidfitting body comprises a plurality of flexible projection s within saidcentral cavity.
 50. A fluid fitting coupling system as described inclaim 48 wherein said fluid fitting body within which said stem ispositioned comprises: a. a pair of generally semi-circular body halves;b. at least one retainer element positioned to hold said body halvestogether when positioned around said stem.
 51. A fluid fitting couplingsystem as described in claim 50 wherein said flange is positioned on aninserted end, wherein said retainer element comprises two diametricallyopposed elements, and wherein said two diametrically opposed elementsare positioned on an end opposite said inserted end.
 52. A fluid fittingcoupling system as described in claim 51 wherein said fluid fitting bodyhas a plurality of external teeth, wherein said two diametricallyopposed elements each have an end, and wherein each of said ends arepositioned in between said teeth.
 53. A method of coupling fluid fittingassemblies together as described in claim 14 or 39 and furthercomprising the steps of: a. establishing a stem within the body of atleast one of said fluid fitting assemblies; b. freely allowing rotationof said stem with respect to the body of that fluid fitting assemblywhen accomplishing said step of rotating said first fluid fitting bodywith respect to said second fluid fitting body; c. axially retainingsaid stem with respect to the fluid fitting body surrounding it; and d.sealing said stem to said other fluid fitting assembly.
 54. A fluidfitting coupling system comprising: a. a first fluid fitting assemblyhaving a first fluid fitting body, a central axis, and a first fluidpassageway; b. a first rotationally engagable axial retainer to whichsaid first fluid fitting assembly is responsive; c. a second fluidfitting assembly having a second fluid fitting body, a central axis, anda second fluid passageway; d. a second rotationally engagable axialretainer to which said second fluid fitting assembly is responsive andwhich is capable of engaging said first rotationally engagable axialretainer; e. a coupling seal established between said first and secondfluid fitting assemblies; and f. at least one axially movable valvewhich is within one of said fluid fitting assemblies and which isresponsive to rotation of said first and second fitting assemblies withrespect to each other.
 55. A fluid fitting coupling system as describedin claim 54 and further comprising a rotational guide which restrainssaid axially movable valve against rotation about said central axis. 56.A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 55 wherein saidaxially movable valve has an axial movement response which begins aftersaid first rotationally engagable axial retainer and said secondrotationally engagable axial retainer are axially retained with respectto each other.
 57. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim55 wherein said axially movable valve is situated within said firstfluid fitting assembly, and wherein said axially movable valve comprisesat least one annular angled surface which is angled with respect to aplane perpendicular to the central axis of said first fluid fittingassembly, and wherein said second fitting assembly comprises arotationally fixed slide to which said annular angled surface isresponsive.
 58. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 57wherein said annular angled surface is radially helical.
 59. A fluidfitting coupling system as described in claim 57 wherein said axiallymovable valve further is situated comprises: a. a resilient seal; b. avalve support positioned within said fluid passageway and to which saidresilient seal is responsive; and c. a valve spring member whichyieldably urges said seal into a closed position, wherein said firstaxial retainer comprises: a. a lip support having an axially fixedposition with respect to said first fluid fitting body; and b. at leastone retaining lip attached to said lip support and which extendsradially inward beyond said lip support, and wherein said second axialretainer comprises a. a flange support having an axially fixed positionwith respect to said second fluid fitting assembly body; b. at least oneflange attached to said flange support, which extends radially outwardbeyond said flange support and which is capable of engaging saidretaining lip.
 60. A fluid fitting coupling system as described in claim54, 57 or 59 and further comprising: a. an abutment between said firstand second fluid fitting assembly bodies; and b. a radially resilientrotational lock formed at the abutment between said first and secondfluid fitting assembly bodies.
 61. A fluid fitting assembly comprising:a. a fluid fitting body, defining a fluid passageway, and having acentral axis; b. a rotationally engagable axial retainer to which saidfluid fitting assembly is responsive; c. a resilient seal disposed withsaid fluid passageway; d. an axially movable valve support positionedwithin said fluid passageway and to which said resilient seal isresponsive; and e. a valve spring member which yieldably urges said sealinto a closed position,
 62. A fluid fitting assembly as described inclaim 61 wherein said rotationally engagable axial retainer comprises:a. a lip support having an axially fixed position with respect to saidfluid fitting body; and b. at least one retaining lip attached to saidlip support and which extends radially inward beyond said lip support.63. A fluid fitting assembly as described in claim 62 wherein said lipsupport has a lip support inner surface which is non-circular.
 64. Afluid fitting assembly as described in claim 61 wherein saidrotationally engagable axial retainer comprises: a. a flange supporthaving an axially fixed position with respect to said fluid fittingassembly body; b. at least one flange attached to said flange support,which extends radially outward beyond said flange support.
 65. A fluidfitting assembly as described in claim 64 wherein said flange has anouter surface which is non-circular.
 66. A method of coupling fluidfitting assemblies together comprising the steps of: a. establishing afirst fluid fitting assembly having a first fluid fitting body, and afirst fluid passageway so that said first fluid passageway has a fluidpassageway seal; b. axially engaging said first fluid fitting assemblyand a second fluid fitting assembly having a second fluid fitting body,and a second fluid passageway; c. creating a coupling seal between saidfirst fluid fitting assembly and said second fluid fitting assembly; d.rotating said first fluid fitting body with respect to said second fluidfitting body; e. axially retaining said first fluid fitting assemblywith respect to said second fluid fitting assembly; and then f. openingsaid fluid passageway seal as a result of said rotation.
 67. A method ofcoupling fluid fitting assemblies together as described in claim 66wherein said first fluid fitting assembly has a central axis and whereinsaid step of opening said fluid passageway seal as a result of saidrotation comprises the steps of: a. engaging an annular angled surfaceon said first fluid fitting assembly by a rotationally fixed slide onsaid second fluid fitting assembly; b. sliding said rotationally fixedslide along said annular angled surface; and c. axially moving saidfluid passageway seal along said central axis.
 68. A method of couplingfluid fitting assemblies together as described in claim 67 and furthercomprising the steps of: a. radially compressing said first fluidfitting body against said second fluid fitting body while accomplishingsaid step of rotating said first fluid fitting body with respect to saidsecond fluid fitting body; and b. rotationally retaining said firstfluid fitting body with respect to said second fluid fitting body.
 69. Afluid fitting coupling system as described in claim 57 wherein saidrotationally fixed slide comprises a second axially movable valve whichis within the other of said fluid fitting assemblies and which is alsoresponsive to rotation of said first and second fitting assemblies withrespect to each other.
 70. A fluid fitting coupling system as describedin claim 69 wherein said second axially movable valve comprises a secondannular angled surface.
 71. A fluid fitting coupling system as describedin claim 70 wherein said first and second annular angled surfaces do notengage each other until after said first rotationally engagable axialretainer and said second rotationally engagable axial retainer areaxially retained with respect to each other.
 72. A fluid fittingcoupling system as described in claim 71 wherein said first and secondaxially movable valves each have an axial movement response and furthercomprising: a. a first stop which limits the axial movement response ofsaid first rotationally engagable axial retainer; and b. a second stopwhich limits the axial movement response of said second rotationallyengagable axial retainer.
 73. A fluid fitting coupling system asdescribed in claim 70 or 72 and further comprising: a. an abutmentbetween said first and second fluid fitting assembly bodies; and b. aradially resilient rotational lock formed at the abutment between saidfirst and second fluid fitting assembly bodies.
 74. A method of couplingfluid fitting assemblies together as described in claim 67 and furthercomprising the steps of: a. establishing said second fluid fittingassembly so that said second fluid passageway has a second fluidpassageway seal; and b. opening said second fluid passageway seal as aresult of said rotation after accomplishing said step of axiallyretaining said first fluid fitting assembly with respect to said secondfluid fitting assembly.
 75. A method of coupling fluid fittingassemblies together as described in claim 74 and further comprising thesteps of: a. stopping the opening of said one of said fluid fittingpassageway seals; and then b. forcing the other of said fluid fittingpassageway seals to open an equal amount.
 76. A method of coupling fluidfitting assemblies together as described in claim 75 and furthercomprising the steps of: a. radially compressing said first fluidfitting body against said second fluid fitting body while accomplishingsaid step of rotating said first fluid fitting body with respect to saidsecond fluid fitting body; and b. rotationally retaining said firstfluid fitting body with respect to said second fluid fitting body.